1857
Rebellion of 1857 begins at Meerut Sepoys of the East India Company's garrison at Meerut mutinied on 10 May 1857, starting an uprising that was contained only after the rebels' defeat at Gwalior on 20 June 1858.
Rule passed from the East India Company to the British Crown in 1858; educated Indians later organised the Congress.
29 years · AI-written context
1885
Indian National Congress founded The Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885 and held its first session in Bombay. It was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.
1905
Partition of Bengal announced On 16 October 1905 Viceroy Lord Curzon split the Bengal Presidency into a largely Muslim eastern part and a largely Hindu western part. Protest and the swadeshi boycott of British goods followed, and Bengal was reunited in 1911.
1906
All-India Muslim League founded The All-India Muslim League was founded in December 1906 at Dacca to advance Muslim interests in British India, and remained active until 1947.
Gandhi returned in 1915, Congress and the League agreed the Lucknow Pact in 1916, and Gandhi led the 1917 Champaran satyagraha.
12 years · AI-written context
1919
Jallianwala Bagh massacre On 13 April 1919 troops under Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired on a crowd gathered in Amritsar, many protesting the Rowlatt Act. Estimates of the dead range from 379 to 1,500 or more.
1920
Non-cooperation movement launched On 4 September 1920 Mahatma Gandhi launched a campaign urging Indians to withdraw cooperation from the British government in order to press for self-governance.
1929
Congress adopts Purna Swaraj At its Lahore session in December 1929, with the tricolour hoisted on 31 December, Congress moved toward complete independence and asked people to observe 26 January as Independence Day.
1930
Salt March Gandhi led a 24-day, 387-kilometre march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, starting with 78 volunteers, in nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly.
1931
Bhagat Singh executed Revolutionary Bhagat Singh, convicted of the murder of a British police officer, was hanged on 23 March 1931 at age 23, and became a martyr and folk hero in northern India.
1932
Poona Pact In September 1932 Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar agreed a settlement that increased political representation for the Depressed Classes, now known as Scheduled Castes, in place of separate electorates.
1940
Lahore Resolution On 23 March 1940 the All-India Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution, later called the Pakistan Resolution, which became the foundation of the Pakistan Movement.
1942
Quit India Movement On 8 August 1942 Gandhi called for an end to British rule with a 'Do or Die' speech in Bombay. The government arrested tens of thousands of leaders and held them until 1945.
1943
Bose refounds the Indian National Army After arriving in Southeast Asia from Germany in May 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose refounded the Japanese-backed Indian National Army, recruiting from Indian communities in Malaya and Singapore. Its officers' later trials galvanised Congress.
1946
Royal Indian Navy mutiny Indian naval ratings struck in Bombay on 18 February 1946 over conditions, and the revolt spread to other parts of British India before it failed.
1946
Direct Action Day On 16 August 1946 the Muslim League called a general strike to press for a separate Muslim homeland. It turned into communal violence in Calcutta, known as the Great Calcutta Killings.
1947
Independence and partition British India was divided into the independent dominions of India and Pakistan, which legally came into existence at midnight on 14 to 15 August 1947. The partition displaced between 12 and 20 million people.
